A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/system/core/Exceptions.php:271)
Filename: core/Security.php
Line Number: 274
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 129
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 151
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 208
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 297
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 335
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 282
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 289
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 304
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 375
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 396
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$CI is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 81
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Jquery::$CI is deprecated
Filename: Javascript/Jquery.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 657
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$jquery is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$js is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 86
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$javascript is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 10
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$mode is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 13
Function: model
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$Image_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 14
Function: model
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$jquery is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$javascript is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$mode is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
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EDJ
,
Volume 1 No 1
153
Maii I. M. Khalil, Cherif A. Mohsen And Shams W. A. Ali ,
ABSTRACT
Statement Of Problem: Color Stability Is An Important Factor To Ensure The Long-term Clinical Success Of Ceramic Restorations. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Effect Of Repeated Firing Cycles On Color Stability Of Three Shades Of Zirconia Ceramic System.
Materials& Methods: Seventy-five Ceramic Discs Were Fabricated. Discs Were Divided Into Three Main Groups According To Their Shades. Group(1) Shade A1, Group(2) Shade A3 & Group(3) Shade A4(n=25). Then Each Group Was Subdivided Into Five Subgroups According To The Number Of Firing Cycles Done (n=15) : SG(I)No Firing Cycles (control), SG(II) 3 Firing Cycles, SG(III) 5 Firing Cycles, SG(IV) 7 Firing Cycles And SG(V) 9 Firing Cycles. Color Readings Were Obtained With A Spectrophotometer Before And After Firings And L*, A*, And B* Coordinates And Total Color Variation (?E) Were Statistically Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Software.
Results: Results Revealed That For The 3 Shades (A1, A3 &A4), Color Change (DE) Had A Statistically Significant Difference Among The Four Different Firing Cycles (3, 5, 7 And 9) As Its P=0.01.Also, The Change In Color Parameters DL, Da And Db, Among The Four Different Firing Cycles Were A Statistically Significant With P=0.01.
Conclusion: The L*a*b* Values Of The Ceramic Systems Were Affected By The Number Of Firings (3, 5, 7, Or 9 Firings) And Veneering Porcelain Shade (A1, A3 Or A4). L* Value Of All Specimens (at Different Shades) Was Increased Which Means That Specimens Become Lighter After Increasing The Number Of Firings. While, A* And B* Values Were Variables. The Mean Color Differences (?E) Caused By Repeated Firings Were Sometimes Below The Perceivable Level (?E<3) And Others Above This Level (?E>3) And Represent Visually Detectable Color Differences With The Change In Ceramic Shades And Firing Cycles.
Clinical Recommendations: Zirconia Ceramic Restorations Should Not Be Exposed To Repeated Number Of Firings To Not Produce Detectable Color Changes.
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